phillygenin

Phillygenin is a natural lignan monomer isolated from the fruit of *Forsythia suspensa* (Lianqiao). It exhibits a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and anticancer properties. Phillygenin acts as a direct agonist of the G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1/TGR5) and an inhibitor of maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). It has been shown to activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and suppress downstream inflammatory pathways, including the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome cascades. Phillygenin is being investigated preclinically for the treatment of various conditions, including sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI), diabetic nephropathy, ulcerative colitis, severe acute pancreatitis, arthritis, neuropathic pain, pancreatic cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Other names

(-)-phillygenin(+)-phillygeninepipinoresinol methyl etherphillygenol