phyllanthus amarus

Phyllanthus amarus is a small, globally distributed tropical herb in the family Euphorbiaceae, long used in Ayurvedic, Unani, and traditional medicine systems for a wide array of therapeutic purposes[1][2][3]. Its extracts contain lignans, flavonoids, ellagitannins, polyphenols, triterpenes, sterols, and alkaloids, and exhibit **hepatoprotective**, **antiviral** (including activity against hepatitis B), **antioxidant**, **antimicrobial**, **antidiabetic**, **anti-inflammatory**, **anticancer**, **antimalarial**, **nephroprotective**, and **diuretic** properties[1][2][3]. The predominant mechanism appears to involve modulation of oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory action, antiviral effects, and modulation of enzymatic pathways involving the liver and immune system. It is primarily administered as extracts (whole plant, leaves, or roots), and is widely used for conditions related to the **liver (hepatitis, jaundice)**, **kidneys (stones, nephroprotection)**, **diabetes**, and as a traditional remedy for infections and inflammatory conditions[1][2][3]. Despite promising preclinical activity, results from human trials—especially for hepatitis B—have generally been inconclusive[3].

Other names

Bhumi AmlaBhoomyamalakiKeezhanelliBhoodhatreeBhui AmlaChanca piedraQuebra pedraBhum AmlakBhuiamlaSadahazurmaniJaramlaBhuianvalahBhonyaanmaliBhuiavalaNelliNelanelliKizhnelliBhui-awalaNallesariKeelaanelli