phyllanthus urinaria

Phyllanthus urinaria is an annual herbaceous plant widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, America, China, and the Indian Ocean islands. Traditionally used in folk medicine for conditions such as jaundice, diabetes, malaria, liver diseases (including viral hepatitis), fever, dysentery, gonorrhea, syphilis and as an abortifacient[1][4][5][8]. The plant contains a variety of bioactive compounds including flavonoids (e.g., quercetin), lignans (e.g., phyllanthine and hypophyllanthine), tannins, phenolic acids, terpenoids (including coumarins and steroids), and alkaloids[4][5]. Pharmacological studies have demonstrated hepatoprotective effects—particularly against hepatitis B virus by interfering with HBV DNA synthesis and reducing secretion of hepatitis B surface antigen—as well as anti-liver fibrosis/cirrhosis activity through regulation of hepatic stellate cells and extracellular matrix function[3][4]. Additionally it exhibits anticancer properties by inhibiting tumor proliferation and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma models; other reported activities include antidiabetic effects via modulation of glucose metabolism pathways; antimicrobial action against various pathogens; analgesic effects; cardioprotective benefits; fertility-modulating properties depending on dose; antioxidant activity[4][5][8]. Clinical trials for chronic viral hepatitis B have used doses ranging from 900–2 700 mg per day for up to three months with mixed results but some evidence for reduction in HBV markers[3].

Other names

chamber bittergripeweedshatterstonestonebreaker