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phytanic acid
- Development stage
- Preclinical
- Lead developer
- University of Louisville
- Modality
- Small Molecules
- Administration
- Oral
01
Overview
Phytanic acid is a branched-chain fatty acid and a metabolite derived from the degradation of chlorophyll (via phytol). It is naturally produced by gut microbiota, particularly members of the *Lachnospiraceae* family. In the context of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), phytanic acid has been identified as a protective metabolite that is more prevalent in male mice than in lupus-prone female mice. It functions as an agonist for several nuclear receptors, including Retinoid X Receptor (RXR), Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma (PPARγ), and Liver X Receptor (LXR). Research indicates that phytanic acid can restore defective macrophage efferocytosis (the clearance of apoptotic cells) and improve CD103+ dendritic cell function, thereby delaying the onset of lupus-related kidney disease and suppressing overall disease progression.
- Other names
- 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoic acid
02
Targets
PPARD (Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor delta)RXRA (Retinoid X receptor alpha)PPARA (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha)PPARG (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma)CD36 (CD36 antigen)NR1H3 (Liver X receptor beta)
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