piperlonguminine

Piperlonguminine is a natural alkaloid found in various Piper species, including *Piper longum*, *Piper nigrum*, *Piper chaba*, *Piper wallichii*, and *Piper colubrinum*. It has demonstrated a wide range of biological activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-renal fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, anti-arthritic, and antiviral properties. Its mechanisms of action involve the inhibition of Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily C Member 6 (TRPC6), suppression of the Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4)/Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, and interactions with various proteins including Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (VEGFR2), Inhibitor of Nuclear Factor Kappa B Kinase Subunit Beta (IKK beta), and SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins (Mpro and Spike protein). It also modulates key cellular pathways involved in cancer and inflammation, such as those mediated by SRC, MTOR, EZH2, and MAPK3, and inhibits several cytochrome P450 enzymes.