placebo + teplizumab

This is a combination of placebo and teplizumab. Teplizumab is a humanized IgG1 kappa monoclonal antibody that targets the CD3-epsilon chain on mature T cells. It is used to delay the onset of Stage 3 type 1 diabetes in adults and children aged 8 years and older with Stage 2 type 1 diabetes. The mechanism involves partial agonistic signaling, deactivation of pancreatic beta cell autoreactive T lymphocytes, promotion of regulatory T cells, and induction of CD8+ T cell exhaustion, thereby reducing autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells[1][2][5][6]. Placebo serves as an inactive comparator in clinical trials.