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The plant-made H1 VLP influenza vaccine (also known as H1-VLP) is an investigational monovalent virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine developed by Medicago for the prevention of H1N1 influenza. Produced via transient expression of the influenza hemagglutinin (HA) surface glycoprotein in the plant *Nicotiana benthamiana*, the vaccine consists of self-assembled VLPs that mimic the native structure of the influenza virus but lack any viral genetic material. In a Phase 1 clinical trial (NCT01302990), the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of varying non-adjuvanted doses of the H1 VLP vaccine were evaluated in healthy adults, demonstrating that the vaccine was safe, well-tolerated, and capable of inducing robust humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Although development of this specific monovalent candidate did not proceed to approval, the technology served as the foundation for Medicago's subsequent quadrivalent influenza VLP vaccine program.
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