preproinsulin DNA vaccine

A preproinsulin DNA vaccine is an antigen-specific immunotherapy platform designed to induce immune tolerance and prevent or delay the progression of type 1 diabetes (T1D). The vaccine consists of a DNA plasmid vector encoding preproinsulin (PPI), a key autoantigen targeted by autoreactive T cells in T1D. Upon administration (typically via subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intradermal injection), host cells take up the plasmid and express preproinsulin, which is processed and presented on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. This presentation in a non-inflammatory or tolerogenic context aims to delete, anergize, or induce regulatory T cells (Tregs) specific to preproinsulin, thereby halting the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells. Specific candidates under this platform, such as Novo Nordisk's NNC0361-0041, may co-express immunomodulatory cytokines (e.g., IL-2, IL-10, TGF-β1) to enhance the tolerogenic microenvironment.

Other names

preproinsulin DNA plasmidpreproinsulin DNA plasmid vaccinepreproinsulin pDNApreproinsulin plasmidpreproinsulin plasmid DNA vaccinepreproinsulin-encoding DNA vaccinepreproinsulin-expressing DNA vaccine