propolis

Propolis, also known as bee glue, is a complex resinous substance collected by honeybees from various plants. [5] Its chemical composition is highly variable depending on the geographical origin and plant sources, but it is generally rich in bioactive compounds such as polyphenols (flavonoids, phenolic acids) and terpenes. [3, 17] Key active constituents often cited for their therapeutic effects include Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE), Artepillin C, quercetin, galangin, and chrysin. [1, 14, 17] Propolis has been used for centuries in traditional medicine and is now investigated for a wide range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, and antiviral properties. [4, 5, 12, 17] Due to its diverse bioactivities, it is incorporated into various products, such as dietary supplements, creams, mouthwashes, and toothpastes. [12]

Brand names

Aichijian

Other names

bee glue