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propolis
- Development stage
- Phase 3
- Lead developer
- West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
- Modality
- Metabolically Activated Prodrugs → Prodrugs/Conditional Activator Small Molecules → Small Molecules, Classical Binding Small Molecules → Small Molecules
- Administration
- Oral, Topical, Inhalation, Intranasal
01
Overview
Propolis, also known as bee glue, is a complex resinous substance collected by honeybees from various plants. [5] Its chemical composition is highly variable depending on the geographical origin and plant sources, but it is generally rich in bioactive compounds such as polyphenols (flavonoids, phenolic acids) and terpenes. [3, 17] Key active constituents often cited for their therapeutic effects include Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE), Artepillin C, quercetin, galangin, and chrysin. [1, 14, 17] Propolis has been used for centuries in traditional medicine and is now investigated for a wide range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, and antiviral properties. [4, 5, 12, 17] Due to its diverse bioactivities, it is incorporated into various products, such as dietary supplements, creams, mouthwashes, and toothpastes. [12]
- Brand names
- Aichijian
- Other names
- bee glue
02
Targets
PTGS2 (Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2)NOS2 (Nitric Oxide Synthase 2)NF-κBNeuraminidase15-LOX (Lysyl Oxidase)MAP2K4 (Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4)PKC (Protein kinase C family)TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4)TRPV1 (Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1)
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