prostaglandin d2

Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is a major eicosanoid lipid mediator produced primarily by mast cells, as well as by Th2 cells and dendritic cells. It is synthesized from arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway and specific PGD synthases. PGD2 plays a central role in the coordination of allergic inflammation and the pathogenesis of asthma. It exerts its biological effects through two high-affinity G protein-coupled receptors: the D prostanoid receptor 1 (DP1) and the chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells (CRTH2, also known as DP2). In the airways, PGD2 acts as a potent bronchoconstrictor and induces eosinophil recruitment, mucus production, and Th2 cytokine release. In clinical research, PGD2 is utilized as an inhaled challenge agent to evaluate bronchial hyperresponsiveness and to test the efficacy of novel anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator therapies.

Other names

(5Z,13E,15S)-9,15-dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid9α,15S-dihydroxy-11-oxo-prosta-5Z,13E-dien-1-oic acid