Protollin

Protollin is an investigational intranasal biologic immunotherapy originally developed as a vaccine adjuvant and now being repurposed as a nasal vaccine-type treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. It consists of proteosomes—hydrophobic outer membrane proteins derived from Neisseria meningitidis group B—noncovalently complexed with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) isolated from bacteria such as Shigella flexneri and Pleisiomonas shigelloides, forming an immune-modulating complex that activates innate immune receptors including Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 on monocytes and other antigen-presenting cells.[1][12][9] Delivered as a nasal spray, Protollin is designed to stimulate innate and neuroimmune responses in cervical lymph nodes and the brain, promoting recruitment and activation of monocytes/microglia to enhance phagocytic clearance of beta‑amyloid plaques and tau pathology without inducing neurotoxic inflammation, with the goal of slowing or preventing progression of early symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease.[2][3][7]