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PTEN gene-loaded zein nanoparticles are a **gene therapy formulation** consisting of zein, a hydrophobic plant protein, used as a nanoparticle carrier to deliver the PTEN gene (phosphatase and tensin homolog) into target cells. The **mechanism of action** is based on delivering therapeutic PTEN DNA to tumor cells, restoring PTEN function as a tumor suppressor, thereby inducing apoptosis, inhibiting angiogenesis, and reducing metastasis in cancer models such as hepatocellular carcinoma. The nanoparticles protect the genetic material from degradation and allow for enhanced intracellular delivery, especially due to zein’s stability in biological environments and its ability for functionalization to improve targeting. This drug is at the **preclinical stage**, primarily investigated for liver cancer gene therapy[1][2][7].
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