pumactant

Pumactant is a synthetic pulmonary surfactant composed primarily of the phospholipids dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG)[1][3]. It is designed to mimic the function of natural lung surfactants by reducing surface tension in the alveoli, thereby aiding lung expansion and preventing alveolar collapse. Pumactant is administered directly into the lungs via endotracheal tube and was developed for treating respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in neonates—particularly premature infants whose lungs are unable to produce sufficient endogenous surfactants[1][2][5]. Unlike animal-derived surfactants that contain proteins, pumactant is protein-free. Its mechanism involves acting as a cell membrane permeability enhancer by forming a surface-active layer on alveoli[7]. Clinical trials have also explored its use in adult respiratory distress syndrome, asthma (as an inhaled dry powder), and surgical adhesion prevention[6][7]. However, studies have shown higher mortality rates compared to some animal-derived alternatives such as poractant alfa[5].

Brand names

ALECAdSurfZofac

Other names

pumactant