pyroglutamyl apelin-13 amide

pyroglutamyl apelin-13 amide (also known as (pGlu)apelin-13 amide) is a stable, enzyme-resistant peptide analogue of the endogenous adipokine apelin-13. Developed by researchers at Ulster University, it acts as an agonist of the apelin receptor (APLNR/APJ). Unlike native apelin-13, which has an extremely short biological half-life, this analogue is modified at the N-terminus with a pyroglutamyl group and at the C-terminus with an amide group to enhance enzymatic stability and prolong its circulating half-life. In preclinical models of type 2 diabetes and obesity, such as diet-induced obese (DIO) mice and db/db mice, chronic administration of pyroglutamyl apelin-13 amide has demonstrated significant antidiabetic and metabolic benefits, including improved glucose tolerance, enhanced insulin sensitivity, reduced glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), decreased plasma triglycerides, and beneficial effects on pancreatic islet cell morphology.

Other names

(pGlu)apelin-13 amide(pGlu)apelin-13-amideapelin amidepyroglutamyl apelin-13-amide