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R110 is an engineered live biotherapeutic product (LBP) consisting of a food-grade *Lactococcus lactis* strain genetically modified to express the surface layer protein A (SlpA) derived from *Lactobacillus acidophilus*. Developed for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, R110 functions by modulating the host immune repertoire to suppress intestinal inflammation. Upon oral administration, the SlpA protein delivered by the bacteria induces the expression of interleukin-27 (IL-27) by myeloid cells. This induction leads to a synchronous increase in interleukin-10 (IL-10) and the transcription factor c-Maf in T cells, promoting an anti-inflammatory environment. Preclinical studies in murine models of colitis and human dendritic cell assays have demonstrated its potential to mitigate symptoms and regulate gene expression associated with IBD.
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