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RBEX-101
- Development stage
- Preclinical
- Lead developer
- Rhythm Biotherapeutics
- Modality
- RNA Therapeutics → Nucleic Acid Therapeutics, Lipid-based Nanoparticles → Nanoparticles → Drug Delivery Systems
01
Overview
RBEX-101 is a heart-derived exosome (extracellular vesicle) therapy developed by Rhythm Biotherapeutics for the prevention of post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF). The therapy utilizes exosomes carrying a payload of native microRNAs (including miR-22-3p, miR-199b-5p, and miR-374a-5p) and surface decorin to target atrial fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Its primary mechanism of action involves the suppression of the NLRP3 inflammasome and caspase-1 signaling pathways, which reduces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. This suppression, along with the inhibition of TGF-β signaling, mitigates atrial inflammation and fibrotic remodeling. Additionally, RBEX-101 helps restore normal electrical conduction by maintaining Connexin 43 (Cx43) gap junctions. Preclinical studies have demonstrated an 87% reduction in POAF incidence, and the drug is currently in IND-enabling development with a first-in-human trial planned for 2026.
- Other names
- RBex
02
Targets
NLRP3 (Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3)TGFB (GARP–latent transforming growth factor beta 1 complex)CASP1 (Caspase-1)GJA1 (Connexin43 Hemichannel)
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