RBEX-102

RBEX-102 is a heart-derived exosome-based therapy being developed by Rhythm Biotherapeutics for the treatment of early recurrence after catheter ablation (ERAF) and post-ablation atrial fibrillation. Utilizing the company's proprietary RBEX platform, these extracellular vesicles are engineered to carry native microRNAs (miR-22-3p, miR-199b-5p, and miR-374a-5p) and surface decorin protein. The mechanism of action involves selective uptake by atrial fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelial cells, leading to the suppression of the NLRP3 inflammasome and caspase-1 signaling pathways. This results in a reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, thereby decreasing cardiac fibrosis and inflammation and promoting the restoration of normal electrical conduction. RBEX-102 is currently in the preclinical stage of development.