realgar nanoparticles

Realgar nanoparticles are a nanotechnology formulation of realgar (arsenic disulfide, As4S4), a traditional mineral medicine historically used in Chinese medicine. The nanoparticle formulation increases realgar’s solubility and bioavailability, enabling greater therapeutic potential while aiming to reduce toxicity. Preclinical studies demonstrate antitumor activity against multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and breast cancer, achieved mainly through induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest (G2/M phase), modulation of mitochondrial and cell cycle signaling proteins (including TP53, Bax, caspase-3/9, Bcl-2), and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. Nanoparticles also enhance immune cell cytotoxicity and show improved pharmacokinetics compared to crude realgar. However, potential arsenic toxicity (hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, etc.) remains a safety concern, underlining the need for controlled clinical evaluation[1][2][5][7]. Most realgar nanoparticles are in preclinical or translational research, with some progress toward clinical use, especially in oncology.

Other names

arsenic disulfide nanoparticlesAs4S4 nanoparticlesAs-4S4 nanoparticlesAs 4S4 nanoparticlesnano-realgar particlesnano-sized realgar particlenano-realgar processed products