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Recombinant human endostatin adenovirus is a gene therapy drug that uses a replication-defective type 5 adenoviral vector to deliver the gene encoding human endostatin directly into tumor tissue. Endostatin is a potent endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis, derived from collagen XVIII. After intratumoral injection, the virus infects tumor cells and expresses high levels of human endostatin protein locally within the tumor microenvironment. This leads to inhibition of proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells, induction of apoptosis in these cells, suppression of new blood vessel formation (angiogenesis), and ultimately blocks oxygen and nutrient supply to tumors—effectively "starving" them. The therapy also induces anti-tumor immune responses by turning immunologically "cold" tumors into "hot" ones. It has been studied primarily for advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma in combination with chemotherapy[1][4][5].
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