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NL-101 is a second-generation recombinant human interleukin-11 (rhIL-11) variant developed by Beijing Northland Biotech for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT). As a modified version of the native cytokine, NL-101 is engineered to maintain potent thrombopoietic activity while potentially improving the safety profile compared to first-generation rhIL-11 (oprelvekin), which is often limited by adverse effects such as fluid retention, edema, and cardiovascular complications. NL-101 acts as an agonist for the IL-11 receptor complex, which consists of the IL-11 receptor alpha (IL-11Rα) and the signal-transducing subunit gp130. Binding to this complex activates downstream signaling pathways, including the JAK/STAT cascade, which stimulates the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells and the maturation of megakaryocytes into functional platelets. The drug is currently in Phase 3 clinical development in China.
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