red propolis

Red propolis is a natural resinous substance produced by honey bees, particularly distinguished from other propolis types by its unique red coloration and enhanced bioactive properties. It is composed of 40-70% balsam (phenolic acids and flavonoids), 20-35% waxes, 1-3% aromatic and essential oils, and 5% other constituents including vitamins, minerals, proteins, and enzymes. Red propolis exhibits broad-spectrum biological activities including **antioxidant**, **anti-inflammatory**, **antimicrobial**, **immunomodulatory**, and **hepatoprotective** properties. It has demonstrated particular efficacy in treating renal diseases, showing ability to reduce kidney hypertension, proteinuria, serum creatinine, macrophage infiltration, and renal oxidative stress. The therapeutic effects are primarily attributed to its high content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids.

Other names

Brazilian red propolis