red raspberries

Red raspberries (*Rubus idaeus*) are being investigated as a nutritional intervention for improving immune-metabolic health in individuals at risk of metabolic syndrome, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Rich in dietary fiber, polyphenols (such as anthocyanins and ellagitannins), and carotenoids, red raspberries exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Clinical research, including the trial NCT03620617, has demonstrated that daily consumption can improve postprandial hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin sensitivity, as measured by the Matsuda and QUICKI indices. However, the metabolic response is heterogeneous; "type 2 responders" show significant improvements in waist circumference, fasting insulin, and C-reactive protein (CRP), while "type 1 responders" may show neutral or even negative effects. This variability is associated with the metabolism of specific compounds like carotenoids and the production of gut-derived metabolites such as propionate derivatives.

Other names

Rubus idaeusraspberries