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**RGD-IL-24** is a recombinant fusion protein consisting of interleukin-24 (IL-24, also known as MDA-7) engineered with an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) motif to enhance tumor targeting and apoptosis induction. The RGD motif (inserted at the N-terminus or via internal mutation) enables binding to integrin αvβ3, a receptor overexpressed in many tumors and associated neovasculature. This modification increases the selective adhesion of the cytokine to tumor cells and improves its antitumor and pro-apoptotic effects compared to wild-type IL-24. RGD-IL-24 induces apoptosis through both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, including upregulation of Bax and activation of the caspase cascade, while sparing normal cells. Its primary proposed use is as a tumor-targeted gene therapy or recombinant protein in cancer, particularly in solid tumors such as breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, melanoma, and cervical cancer[1][2][3][4][5][12].
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