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**Rhenium-188-SSS lipiodol** is an investigational radiopharmaceutical for transarterial radioembolisation therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), especially in patients with advanced disease and portal vein thrombosis. The drug formulation consists of a stable rhenium-188 (a high energy beta-emitting radionuclide) complex that is highly soluble in Lipiodol—a radiopaque oil made from iodinated fatty acid ethyl esters derived from poppy seed oil. The mechanism of action relies on the selective uptake of Lipiodol by hepatocellular carcinoma lesions, where the rhenium-188 delivers localized beta radiation (\( \beta^- \)) to tumor cells, causing cytotoxic damage with minimal systemic exposure. Rhenium-188-SSS lipiodol offers improved in vivo stability and tumor targeting compared to earlier radiolabeled Lipiodol (such as rhenium-188-HDD lipiodol), with low urinary and fecal excretion. It is administered by intra-arterial injection into the hepatic artery for targeted radioembolization in non-resectable or non-transplantable liver cancer cases. Phase I clinical data indicate acceptable safety and encouraging response rates, and Phase II trials are underway[1][2][3].
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