ribavirin + hydroxychloroquine

Ribavirin + hydroxychloroquine is an experimental combination of two small-molecule drugs: ribavirin, an antiviral nucleoside analog, and hydroxychloroquine, an antimalarial and immunomodulatory agent. This combination has been studied in clinical settings primarily for the treatment of diseases such as COVID-19 and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection[1][3][5][7]. Ribavirin acts through inhibition of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and induces mutagenesis in viral genomes, while hydroxychloroquine increases the pH of cellular organelles, interferes with antigen processing, and modulates immune responses, including inhibition of toll-like receptor signaling[2][4][6][8]. The rationale for the combination is the potential for synergistic inhibition of viral replication and enhanced immune modulation; however, no statistically significant benefit or regulatory approval has been established for this combination in any indication to date[1][3].