ropivacaine + ketoprofen + epinephrine

This multimodal analgesic combination consists of the long-acting amide-type local anesthetic ropivacaine, the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ketoprofen, and the adrenergic agonist epinephrine. It is primarily administered via periarticular injection during orthopedic procedures, such as open arthrolysis for post-traumatic elbow stiffness, to provide localized postoperative pain relief. Ropivacaine blocks nerve impulse conduction by inhibiting sodium channels, while ketoprofen provides analgesia and reduces inflammation by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Epinephrine acts as a local vasoconstrictor, which serves to prolong the duration of the anesthetic effect and minimize systemic absorption and toxicity. The combination is being investigated by the Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Campus for its efficacy in improving postoperative recovery and joint mobility.

Other names

multimodal drug injectionanalgesic cocktail