Ruta graveolens

Ruta graveolens, commonly known as common rue or garden rue, is a medicinal plant with a long history of traditional use. It belongs to the Rutaceae family and has been used for various conditions including neuromuscular disorders, menstrual issues, and as a treatment for sprains and injuries[1][4]. The plant contains numerous bioactive compounds including ketones, aldehydes, esters, and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons[6]. Major compounds identified include 2-nonanone, undecanal, 2-acetoxydodecane, and 2-decanone[6]. It also contains furocoumarins, alkaloids, and flavonoids that contribute to its medicinal properties[9]. ## Medicinal Uses and Pharmacology Ruta graveolens exhibits multiple pharmacological activities: - **Musculoskeletal System**: It's primarily used for injuries to tendons, ligaments, muscles, and joints. It's considered effective for sprains, tendonitis, backache, joint injuries, and arthritis[4]. - **Ophthalmic Uses**: The plant has applications for eye strain and asthenopia[4]. - **Other Systems**: It has traditionally been used for ganglion, bursitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, constipation, and rectum prolapse[4]. - **Antimicrobial Properties**: The essential oil shows good antibacterial activity, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria[6][9]. - **Other Reported Activities**: Research indicates antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, spasmolytic, sedative, antifungal, and anticancer properties[9]. ## Dosage and Administration In homeopathic medicine, Ruta graveolens is available in various potencies: - Common potency range: 3x–30x, 2c–30c, 200c, 1m, 10m, 50m, and CM[3][7] - Typical adult dosage: 3-5 pellets dissolved under the tongue three times daily[3] - Children: Same as adult dosage or as directed by a licensed practitioner[3] There is no clinical evidence to support specific dosing recommendations for non-homeopathic use of rue. In larger doses, it can be dangerous and is considered unsafe[1]. ## Safety Concerns and Toxicity Ruta graveolens has significant safety concerns: - **Pregnancy**: It is strictly contraindicated during pregnancy due to its emmenagogue and abortifacient effects[1][2][5]. - **Toxicity**: The plant contains compounds that can cause severe adverse effects. Chalepensin, one of its active components, is known as an anti-fertility drug[5]. - **Potential Adverse Effects**: - Photosensitization due to furocoumarins - Kidney damage and hepatic degeneration from rue oil - Mutagenic properties - Potential for violent gastric pain, vomiting, and systemic complications in large doses[1] - **Case Reports**: There have been reports of multiorgan toxicity, including bradycardia, coagulopathy, and acute renal failure requiring hemodialysis[1]. ## Commercial Availability Ruta graveolens is available commercially as: - Homeopathic pellets[3] - Homeopathic liquid preparations[7][10] - Traditional herbal preparations When used in homeopathy, it's often recommended for bruised feelings and various musculoskeletal conditions[3][7].

Other names

common ruegarden rue