S-nitroso-L-cysteine

S-nitroso-L-cysteine (L-CSNO) is an endogenous S-nitrosothiol and a potent nitric oxide (NO) donor that functions as a stereoselective signaling molecule in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It plays a pivotal role in the regulation of the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) by acting as a candidate neurotransmitter in the carotid body, where it binds to and inhibits voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels, specifically Kv1.1 and Kv1.2. Beyond respiratory control, L-CSNO has demonstrated therapeutic potential in preclinical models of chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetic cardiomyopathy, and pulmonary hypertension by improving cardiorenal function, inhibiting protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), and modulating the FOXO4-ACAA2 axis to reduce lipid peroxidation. Additionally, it has been shown to stereoselectively ameliorate opioid-induced respiratory depression caused by morphine and fentanyl while simultaneously enhancing their antinociceptive effects.

Other names

S-nitrosocysteineL-S-nitrosocysteineS-nitroso-L-cys