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Saffron dry extract is a concentrated preparation derived from the dried stigmas of *Crocus sativus* L. It is primarily composed of bioactive carotenoids, including crocin and crocetin, as well as the volatile compound safranal and the bitter glycoside picrocrocin. Standardized saffron extracts are widely utilized as nutraceuticals for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. In clinical and preclinical models, saffron dry extract has demonstrated efficacy in modulating neurotransmitter systems (particularly serotonin and dopamine) and reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and various interleukins. It is frequently investigated for its potential in treating major depressive disorder, anxiety, and neurodegenerative conditions like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, where it may help mitigate oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation while influencing markers of mitochondrial health such as PINK1 and Parkin.
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