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Schaftoside is a bioactive natural flavonoid di-C-glycoside, chemically identified as 6-C-glucosyl-8-C-arabinosylapigenin. It is derived from several traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, including *Scutellaria baicalensis*, *Glycyrrhiza uralensis*, and *Abrus mollis*. In preclinical research, schaftoside has demonstrated significant potential in ameliorating non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Its therapeutic effects are primarily attributed to its ability to modulate the hepatic immune microenvironment, specifically by regulating the activity and infiltration of dendritic cells and macrophages. Mechanistically, schaftoside has been shown to inhibit the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and the NLRP3 inflammasome, thereby reducing hepatic lipid accumulation and systemic inflammation.
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