semax

Semax is a **synthetic heptapeptide drug** derived from the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) fragment Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro. Developed in Russia during the 1980s, it is approved in Russia and several CIS countries as a **neuroprotective and nootropic pharmaceutical**, primarily prescribed for conditions such as **ischemic stroke, optic nerve diseases, and cognitive disorders**[1][3][4][7]. Its **mechanism of action is multifaceted**: - It increases the expression of **neurotrophic factors** such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF), supporting neuroplasticity, neuronal survival, and synaptic repair[1][3][5][6]. - Semax modulates **dopamine and serotonin neurotransmission**, contributing to effects on mood, attention, and motivation[1][3][4]. - It exhibits **neuroprotective properties** by limiting neuronal death through the inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis, reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation, and improvement of cerebral blood flow[1][4][6]. - It has additional effects including **anti-inflammatory actions**, support for optic nerve health, and acceleration of ulcer healing[1][5]. Semax is primarily administered as an **intranasal solution** (typically 0.1% or 1%), rapidly absorbed into the brain[1][4], but is also available as a subcutaneous injection[2]. It is **not approved** by the FDA or EMA and is sold outside of Russia largely as a research chemical[1][4]. Semax is **not associated with stimulation of cortisol release** (unlike ACTH itself), making it suitable for chronic neurological use[1][3].

Brand names

SemaxumSemax

Other names

Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-ProACTH(4–7) fragment peptideN-acetyl-semax