silymarin

Silymarin is a standardized extract derived from the seeds of the milk thistle plant (Silybum marianum). It is a complex mixture of flavonolignans—primarily silibinin (also known as silybin), silidianin, and silicristin. Silymarin acts mainly as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Its primary mechanism involves scavenging free radicals and stabilizing hepatocyte membranes to protect liver cells from toxins and oxidative stress. Silymarin also promotes repair and regeneration of liver tissue by stimulating protein synthesis in hepatocytes. Additionally, it inhibits hepatic stellate cell activation to reduce fibrosis progression in chronic liver disease. Clinically, silymarin is used for supportive treatment in chronic liver diseases such as hepatitis (acute or chronic), cirrhosis (alcoholic or non-alcoholic), fatty liver disease (NAFLD/NASH), cholestatic disorders, and toxin-induced hepatic injury. There is some evidence suggesting potential benefits for type 2 diabetes management via improved insulin resistance and cholesterol levels; limited data also suggest possible roles in cancer adjunct therapy due to cytoprotective effects during chemotherapy. The compound has been traditionally used for various other conditions including gallbladder disorders and breast milk production enhancement; however clinical evidence remains inconclusive outside its hepatoprotective role.

Brand names

SilybonLimarinHepasilHeparidRejulivSylolivLiverubinElivLivobit SLSilbostin

Other names

milk thistle extractSilybum marianum extract