sodium aurothiomalate

Sodium aurothiomalate (also known as gold sodium thiomalate or ATM) is an FDA-approved gold-containing small molecule historically utilized as a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Although discontinued globally in 2019 due to a gold shortage, recent preclinical research has highlighted its potential for oncological repurposing, particularly in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and neuroblastoma. Mechanistically, sodium aurothiomalate acts as a potent ferroptosis inducer by directly binding to and inhibiting glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), leading to its conformational destabilization and subsequent degradation. This inhibition, combined with its targeting of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), triggers excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Additionally, sodium aurothiomalate inhibits atypical protein kinase C iota (PKCiota) by forming a covalent adduct at Cys-69, disrupting oncogenic signaling pathways.

Brand names

AurolateChrysothiosKidonMiochrysinMiocrisinMiocrisinaMyochrysineMyocrisinMyocrisineShiosolTauredon

Other names

aurothiomalate disodiumaurothiomalate sodiumdisodium aurothiomalategold sodium thiomalategold sodium thiomalate (I)gold thiomalategold thiomalate, sodiumgold thiomalic acidmercaptobutanedioic acid monogold(1+) sodium saltmonogold (1+) disodium thiomalatesodium aurothiomalate (I)sodium gold thiomalatesodium thiomalate, goldsodium thiomalatoauratethiomalate, goldthiomalatoaurate, sodium