sodium chloride 0.9%

Sodium chloride 0.9%, commonly known as normal saline, is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, isotonic crystalloid solution containing 9 mg of sodium chloride per mL. It provides 154 mEq/L of sodium and 154 mEq/L of chloride ions, with an osmolarity of approximately 308 mOsmol/L, which is nearly isotonic with human plasma. As a fundamental parenteral fluid and electrolyte replenisher, it is used to treat extracellular fluid replacement, manage metabolic alkalosis in the presence of fluid loss, and serve as a vehicle for the dilution and administration of compatible prescription drugs. It is also utilized in specialized procedures such as apheresis kit priming and maintaining isovolemia. While ubiquitous in clinical settings, recent research in critical care has compared its efficacy and safety profile—specifically regarding the risk of acute kidney injury and hyperchloremic acidosis—against balanced crystalloids like Lactated Ringer's solution.

Brand names

0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection USP

Other names

normal salineisotonic salinephysiological salineNaCl 0.9%sodium chloride