sodium cholate

Sodium cholate is the sodium salt of cholic acid, a primary bile acid synthesized from cholesterol in the liver. While traditionally recognized for its physiological role in the emulsification and absorption of dietary lipids, sodium cholate also functions as a signaling molecule that activates specific receptors, including the nuclear Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the membrane-bound G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (TGR5/GPBAR1). These pathways are involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism, lipid homeostasis, and inflammatory responses. In a clinical research context led by the Second Xiangya Hospital of CSU, oral sodium cholate is being investigated as an immunomodulatory agent for patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus. The therapeutic hypothesis suggests that sodium cholate may modulate pathogenic T cell populations, specifically reducing the frequency of CD226+ CD8+ T cells, thereby preserving residual pancreatic beta-cell function and improving glycemic control.

Other names

cholic acid sodium saltsodium cholic acidsodium (3α,5β,7α,12α)-3,7,12-trihydroxycholan-24-oate