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sodium nitrite
- Development stage
- Approved
- Lead developer
- BASF
- Modality
- Small Molecules
- Administration
- Intravenous
01
Overview
Sodium nitrite is a small molecule pharmaceutical drug used as an antidote for acute, life-threatening cyanide poisoning. It is typically administered intravenously in combination with sodium thiosulfate. The primary mechanism of action involves the oxidation of hemoglobin to methemoglobin, which has a high affinity for cyanide ions. Methemoglobin binds cyanide, forming cyanomethemoglobin and thereby displacing cyanide from cytochrome oxidase enzymes in mitochondria, allowing cellular respiration to resume[1][6][8]. Sodium nitrite can also generate nitric oxide through reduction by hemoglobin, leading to vasodilation[6]. The drug carries significant risks including life-threatening hypotension and methemoglobinemia; therefore, patients must be closely monitored during treatment[1][2][5].
- Brand names
- Nithiodote
- Other names
- sodium nitrite
02
Targets
COX7C (Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial)
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