solanum nigrum extract

Solanum nigrum extract is a botanical extract derived from the black nightshade plant (Solanum nigrum Linn.), a medicinal herb of the Solanaceae family native to Southeast Asia and widely distributed across temperate to tropical regions. The extract contains 188 identified chemical constituents, with **steroidal alkaloids** (including solanine, solasonine, and solamargine), **steroidal saponins**, **phenolic compounds**, and **polysaccharides** as the primary bioactive components[1][4]. The extract demonstrates multiple pharmacological activities including **antitumor**, **anti-inflammatory**, **antioxidant**, **antibacterial**, **hepatoprotective**, **neuroprotective**, and **immunomodulatory** effects[1][3]. The mechanism of action involves multiple pathways: inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis through caspase pathways, cell cycle arrest, suppression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis, modulation of various signaling pathways (including MMP-2/MMP-9, TGFβ/Smad, Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/Akt), and reversal of drug resistance in cancer cells[5]. The extract has been traditionally used in folk medicine systems across Asia, Africa, and Europe to treat various conditions including cancers, inflammatory diseases, liver disorders, fever, diarrhea, and skin conditions[1][3]. Different extraction methods using various solvents (aqueous, ethanolic, methanolic, petroleum ether, chloroform) yield distinct pharmacological profiles[2][5].

Other names

black nightshade extractgarden nightshade extractS. nigrum extract