sorafenib + thalidomide

**sorafenib + thalidomide** is an experimental combination therapy involving two small molecule drugs, **sorafenib** and **thalidomide**. Sorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor that targets both serine/threonine and receptor tyrosine kinases involved in tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis, including RAF kinases, vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3), platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFR-β), c-KIT, and FLT-3. Thalidomide is an immunomodulatory and anti-angiogenic agent that inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling, and blocks angiogenesis via effects on VEGF pathways. This combination has been investigated in early-phase trials for advanced cancers, especially unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), to leverage potential dual anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor effects.