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SS1-CD2z CAR T cells is an experimental chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy designed to target mesothelin-expressing solid tumors, such as mesothelioma and pancreatic cancer. The CAR construct is composed of the SS1 single-chain variable fragment (scFv) for mesothelin recognition, the human CD2 cytoplasmic tail as a costimulatory domain, and the CD3ζ activation domain. This design represents a departure from conventional CARs that typically utilize CD28 or 4-1BB costimulatory modules. Preclinical data indicate that CD2-based costimulation provides a balanced signaling profile, combining the rapid cytolytic potency of CD28 with the long-term persistence and metabolic fitness of 4-1BB. Furthermore, SS1-CD2z CAR T cells exhibit a Th1-skewed cytokine profile with reduced levels of neurotoxic cytokines like TNFα and show a transcriptomic signature associated with early effector-memory states and reduced exhaustion.
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