Staphylococcal enterotoxin B

Staphylococcal enterotoxin B is a potent bacterial superantigen exotoxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus. It acts as a virulence factor and is one of the primary toxins responsible for staphylococcal food poisoning in humans. Mechanistically, SEB binds directly to major histocompatibility complex class II molecule on antigen-presenting cells and cross-links them with T-cell receptors outside the normal antigen binding groove. This non-specific activation can stimulate up to 20% of T-cells simultaneously—far more than typical antigens—leading to massive cytokine release and systemic inflammation[1][5][6]. Clinically, exposure can result in food poisoning, toxic shock syndrome, atopic dermatitis, asthma exacerbations, and multi-organ failure at high doses[1][8]. There are currently no approved treatments or vaccines for SEB intoxication; however, monoclonal antibodies have shown promise in preclinical studies[1]. Due to its potency and stability (including resistance to heat), it has been studied as a potential biological weapon[1][8].

Other names

Enterotoxin type BSEBStaphylococcal enterotoxin type B