sumatriptan

Sumatriptan is a small molecule pharmaceutical drug used for the acute treatment of migraine headaches and cluster headaches. It belongs to the triptan class of medications and acts as a selective serotonin (5-HT) receptor agonist. Specifically, it targets 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptors in cranial blood vessels and nerve terminals. By activating these receptors, sumatriptan causes vasoconstriction of dilated cranial blood vessels and inhibits the release of pro-inflammatory neuropeptides within the trigeminovascular system. This dual action helps relieve headache pain and associated symptoms such as nausea or sensitivity to light/sound[1][3][4][6]. Sumatriptan does not prevent migraines or reduce their frequency; it is intended for use at the onset of an attack[2][4]. The drug was developed by Glaxo (now GSK), patented in 1982, approved for medical use in 1991, and is now available as a generic medication[5].

Brand names

ImitrexOnzetraSumavelTosymraTreximetZembrace

Other names

sumatriptan succinate