superagonistic anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody

A superagonistic anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody (CD28-SA) is a class of monoclonal antibodies that binds to the CD28 co-stimulatory receptor on T cells and induces T-cell activation and proliferation in the absence of T-cell receptor (TCR) ligation. Unlike conventional anti-CD28 antibodies, which require TCR engagement to costimulate T cells, superagonists bind to a specific epitope (the C''D loop) of CD28, triggering robust polyclonal T-cell activation. At low doses, CD28-SAs preferentially activate and expand CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) over conventional T cells (Tconvs), making them attractive therapeutic candidates for autoimmune diseases, inflammatory conditions, and tissue repair (such as cardiac wound healing post-myocardial infarction). However, high doses can trigger a severe, life-threatening cytokine release syndrome (CRS), as famously observed in the 2006 clinical trial of the humanized CD28 superagonist TGN1412 (theralizumab).

Other names

CD28 superagonistCD-28 superagonistCD 28 superagonistCD28 superagonistic antibodyCD-28 superagonistic antibodyCD 28 superagonistic antibodyCD28-SACD-28-SACD 28-SAsuperagonistic anti-CD28 mAb