tazarotene (Bausch Health)

Tazarotene is a third-generation topical retinoid. IDP-123 is a specific 0.045% lotion formulation of tazarotene developed by Valeant Pharmaceuticals (now Bausch Health) for the treatment of acne vulgaris. Tazarotene is a prodrug that is rapidly de-esterified to its active form, tazarotenic acid. It exerts its effect by binding to and activating retinoic acid receptors (RARs), specifically the beta and gamma subtypes. This activation modulates the expression of retinoid-responsive genes involved in cell proliferation, tissue differentiation, and inflammation. In the context of acne, tazarotene helps normalize keratinocyte differentiation and reduces the cohesiveness of follicular epithelial cells, thereby inhibiting the formation of comedones and promoting the clearance of existing lesions. The 0.045% lotion formulation, marketed under the brand name Arazlo, was developed using polymeric emulsion technology to provide effective delivery of the active ingredient while minimizing the skin irritation commonly associated with higher-concentration retinoid formulations.

Brand names

Arazlo

Other names

tazarotene lotion, 0.045%