Technosphere insulin

Technosphere insulin is a dry powder formulation of regular human insulin adsorbed onto Technosphere microparticles for oral inhalation. The primary component of Technosphere particles is fumaryl diketopiperazine (FDKP), which self-assembles into microparticles (2-5μm) under acidic conditions. Upon inhalation, these particles reach the deep lung where they dissolve rapidly at physiological pH, allowing quick absorption of insulin into systemic circulation. Technosphere insulin has a rapid onset of action (approximately 12-15 minutes), peaks at around 45 minutes, and has a duration of about 2-3 hours, making it much faster than traditional subcutaneous insulins. It is designed for mealtime insulin administration in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Brand names

Afrezza

Other names

inhaled insulin