tectorigenin

**Tectorigenin** is a natural isoflavone (flavonoid aglycone) commonly found in plants such as Iris tectorum, Iris milesii, and Belamcanda chinensis. It exhibits a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anticancer, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antimicrobial, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective activities, suggesting its potential utility against conditions such as several cancers, diabetes, hepatic fibrosis, osteoarthritis, and Alzheimer's disease[1][8][9]. Its mechanisms involve modulation of signaling pathways such as PPARγ/NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, TLR4/NF-κB, IKKβ/NF-κB/JNK, ERK/JNK, MAPK/JNK/AP-1, and TGF-β1/Smad[1]. For osteoporosis, tectorigenin suppresses osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption by acting on RANKL, downregulating NFATc1 and altering NF-κB and Nrf2 pathways[3]. In osteoarthritis, it protects cartilage by inhibiting apoptosis in chondrocytes via the NF-κB P65 pathway[4]. Tectorigenin has poor oral bioavailability, which can be improved by advanced delivery systems such as self-microemulsifying formulations[7]. Reported adverse effects mainly relate to cytotoxicity at higher doses or prolonged exposure[1].

Other names

tectorigenin4',5,7-trihydroxy-6-methoxyisoflavone5,7-dihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methoxychromen-4-one5,7-dihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methoxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one5,7,4'-trihydroxy-6-methoxyisoflavonetectorigenine