temozolomide + fruquintinib + cadonilimab

This is a combination regimen of three agents used in oncology clinical trials, particularly for advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer. **Temozolomide** is an oral alkylating agent that damages DNA through methylation, leading to cell death and inhibition of tumor growth[3]. **Fruquintinib** is a highly selective small-molecule inhibitor targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1, 2, and 3 (VEGFR1/2/3), thereby inhibiting angiogenesis essential for tumor blood supply[2][6][8]. **Cadonilimab** is a bispecific monoclonal antibody targeting both programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), designed to enhance anti-tumor immune responses by blocking two key immune checkpoints. The combination aims to leverage direct cytotoxicity from temozolomide, antiangiogenic effects from fruquintinib, and dual checkpoint blockade immunotherapy from cadonilimab. This regimen has been investigated in single-arm multicenter studies for patients with advanced solid tumors such as metastatic colorectal cancer[1].

Brand names

Temodar (temozolomide)Fruzaqla (fruquintinib)No widely established brand name for cadonilimab; sometimes referred to as AK104 in clinical literature

Other names

None specific beyond the above for this combination