tert-butylhydroquinone

tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) is a synthetic aromatic organic compound, a type of phenol, and a derivative of hydroquinone. It is primarily utilized as an antioxidant preservative in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries to prevent oxidation, inhibit lipid peroxidation, and extend the shelf life of various products. It functions by scavenging free radicals and is particularly effective in preventing rancidity in oils and fats. Beyond its preservative role, TBHQ has demonstrated biological activities, including enhancing Nrf2-mediated transcription by promoting the dissociation of Nrf2-Keap1, leading to Nrf2 stabilization and increased cellular antioxidant capabilities. Its oxidation product, tert-butylbenzoquinone (TBBQ), exhibits antibacterial activity by disrupting bacterial membrane integrity. Research also indicates its ability to stimulate AP-1 activation and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) expression, which has shown an aqueous outflow–enhancing effect in human donor eyes, suggesting potential therapeutic applications in conditions like glaucoma. Additionally, it has been investigated for its effects on estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and tumor suppressor gene p53 in breast cancer cells, and for attenuating nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and neurotoxicity.

Brand names

Tenox TBHQ

Other names

tertiary butylhydroquinone2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,4-benzenediol2-tert-Butyl-1,4-DihydroxybenzeneTert-Butyl HydroquinoneE319E-319E 319