THR-4109

THR-4109 is an orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor of the sodium-glucose cotransporters SGLT1 and SGLT2, with significantly higher potency for SGLT2. Developed by Theracos, the compound was primarily investigated for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Its mechanism of action involves the inhibition of glucose reabsorption in the kidneys (via SGLT2) and potentially the inhibition of glucose absorption in the gastrointestinal tract (via SGLT1). By promoting urinary glucose excretion, THR-4109 induces a caloric deficit, leading to weight loss. Phase 2 clinical trials were conducted to evaluate its safety and efficacy in obese adults and patients with type 2 diabetes, though development for these indications appears to have ceased in favor of other pipeline candidates such as bexagliflozin.