TIL Transfer + anti-PD-1 Therapy + IL-2

This therapy combines three distinct components: tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) transfer, anti-PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor therapy, and interleukin-2 (IL-2) administration. This approach represents an advanced form of cancer immunotherapy that leverages multiple mechanisms to enhance the immune system's ability to fight cancer. TIL therapy involves extracting T cells from a patient's tumor, expanding them ex vivo (outside the body), and then reinfusing them back into the patient after lymphodepletion. The addition of anti-PD-1 therapy helps prevent T cell exhaustion by blocking the PD-1 checkpoint pathway, while IL-2 promotes T cell proliferation and activation. The search results describe several clinical applications of this combination approach, particularly in advanced melanoma and gynecologic cancers. One study mentioned (NIVO-TIL) specifically describes administering an anti-PD-1 injection between two TIL injections, with IL-2 (Proleukin®) following the TIL infusions[5]. Research indicates that TIL therapy plus high-dose IL-2 produces similar response and survival outcomes whether patients had received prior anti-PD-(L)1 therapy or not[4]. A meta-analysis of 13 studies with 702 advanced melanoma patients showed that the objective response rate was 34% in patients who had received prior anti-PD-(L)1 treatment and 44% in those who had not[4]. Some researchers are exploring modified TIL therapy regimens that use lower doses of cyclophosphamide for lymphodepletion and eliminate or reduce the need for intravenous IL-2 administration, which has been associated with significant toxicity[1][3]. These modified approaches aim to expand the applicability of TIL therapy while maintaining efficacy.

Brand names

Opdivo

Other names

NIVO-TIL (specific study regimen)