titanium dioxide nanoparticles

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) are a form of titanium dioxide used in various applications, including as a food additive to improve safety, quality, shelf life, flavor, and appearance of foods. Research indicates that dietary exposure to these nanoparticles can alter the composition and function of the gut microbiota. Furthermore, studies have shown that TiO2-NPs can induce neurotoxic effects, such as increasing α-Synuclein expression and aggregation, reducing the expression of parkin and ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase protein, and contributing to the dysfunction of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, potentially leading to Parkinson's disease. They are also being investigated for therapeutic applications, such as in combination with egg shell nanoparticles for the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity.